Present Participle ทำหน้าที่ส่วนหนึ่งเป็น verb และอีกส่วนเป็น adjective
เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของ Continuous Tense
- She is running.
- She was running.
ตามหลัง verb of sensation เช่น see, feel gear, smell, watch, notice, observe เมื่อหมายความว่ากำลังกระทำ
- I saw her coming
- He heard me shutting the window.
- I saw her coming
- He heard me shutting the window.
เป็น adjective ประกอบคำนาม
- A boiling kettle is on the stove.
- Look at the swimming fish.
- A boiling kettle is on the stove.
- Look at the swimming fish.
ตามหลังกรรมของคำกริยา find, keep, leave, catch, set, get, send, discover, bring, draw, imagine, paint, show
- The telegram sent him hurrying to Songkla.
- He kept me waiting the whole day.
- The telegram sent him hurrying to Songkla.
- He kept me waiting the whole day.
ตามหลัง Verb to have แสดงผล และใช้กับ can't, won't มีความหมายว่า อนุญาต
- The doctor will woon have you walking.
- I'll have you all laughing.
- The doctor will woon have you walking.
- I'll have you all laughing.
ใช้ในรูป participial phrase ดังนี้
ตามหลังประธานหรือกริยาเพื่อขยายกรรม
The man stading there is John's uncle.
- The man is John's uncle. He is standing there.
- The man who is standing there is John's uncle.
She was accompanied by her mother.
- She was accompanied by her mother.
ตามหลัง conjunctions บางตัวเช่น when, while, as if, although, before, after เช่น
- Although playing all day, he wasn’t tired.
- He held out his hand, as if asking for money.
วางหน้าหรือหลังคำนามเพื่อขยายนามนั้น เช่น
- Seeing a snake, I ran away.
- We stood at the gate, waiting for a taxi.
ตามหลังประธานหรือกริยาเพื่อขยายกรรม
The man stading there is John's uncle.
- The man is John's uncle. He is standing there.
- The man who is standing there is John's uncle.
She was accompanied by her mother.
- She was accompanied by her mother.
ตามหลัง conjunctions บางตัวเช่น when, while, as if, although, before, after เช่น
- Although playing all day, he wasn’t tired.
- He held out his hand, as if asking for money.
วางหน้าหรือหลังคำนามเพื่อขยายนามนั้น เช่น
- Seeing a snake, I ran away.
- We stood at the gate, waiting for a taxi.
Participle คือกริยาช่องที่ 3 ซึ่งอาจมีรูปมทาจากการเติม ed. ก็ได้ หรือมีรูปมาจากการผันก็ได้
ได้แก่กริยาต่อไปนี้ Walked, slept, gone . ..etc.
มีวิธีใช้ดังนี้.
2.1 เรียงไว้หลัง Verb to have ทำให้ประโยคนั้นเป็น Perfect tense.
2.1 เรียงไว้หลัง Verb to have ทำให้ประโยคนั้นเป็น Perfect tense.
2.2 เรียงตามหลัง Verb to be ทำให้ประโยคนั้นเป็นกรรมวาจก(Passive voice)ตลอดไป.
2.3 เรียงไว้หน้านามเป็นคุณศัพท์ของนามนั้น.
2.4 ใช้เป็นส่วนสมบูรณ์ของกริยาได้.
2.5 ใช้เรียงตามหลังนามก็ได้ แต่ต้องมีบุรพบทวลีมาขยายเสมอ.
1. Adjective + Noun ( + N)
He didn't know that it was the stolen car. 2. Noun +
The picture that was painted by him was there.
The picture painted by him was there.
3. phrase, clause
He was helped by a doctor.
He was safe.
ทั้ง 2 ประโยคมีประธานตัวเดียวกัน เหตุการณ์ต่อเนื่องหรือเป็นเหตุเป็นผลกัน ประโยคที่เกิดก่อนหรือที่เป็นเหตุ และเป็น Passive จะเปลี่ยนเป็น Participle phrase นั่น คือ
Helped by a doctor(phrase), he was safe.
4. Clause, phrase
Helped by a doctor(phrase), he was safe.
4. Clause, phrase
She entered.
She was accompanied by her mother.
ทั้ง 2 ประโยคมีประธานตัวเดียว เหตุการณ์ทั้งสองเกิดขึ้นพร้อมกัน ประโยคที่ 2 เป็น passive จะเปลี่ยนเป็น Participle phrase
http://www.thaigoodview.com/node/75984The Function Of Phrases
A verb phrase consists of a verb, its direct and/or indirect objects, and any adverb, adverb phrases, or adverb clauses which happen to modify it. The predicate of a clause or sentence is always a verb phrase:
Corinne is trying to decide whether she wants to go to medical school or to go to law school.
He did not have all the ingredients the recipe called for; therefore, he decided to make something else.
After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.
We will meet at the library at 3:30 p.m.
A noun phrase consists of a pronoun or noun with any associated modifiers, including adjectives, adjective phrases, adjective clauses, and other nouns in the possessive case.
Like a noun, a noun phrase can act as a subject, as the object of a verb or verbal, as a subject or object complement, or as the object of a preposition, as in the following examples:
subject
Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves.
object of a verb
To read quickly and accurately is Eugene's goal.
object of a preposition
The arctic explorers were caught unawares by the spring breakup.
subject complement
Frankenstein is the name of the scientist not the monster.
object complement
I consider Loki my favorite cat.
Noun Phrases using Verbal’s
(by David Megginson)
Since some verbal’s -- in particular, the gerund and the infinitive -- can act as nouns, these also can form the nucleus of a noun phrase:
Ice fishing is a popular winter pass-time.
However, since verbal’s are formed from verbs, they can also take direct objects and can be modified by adverbs. A gerund phrase or infinitive phrase, then, is a noun phrase consisting of a verbal, its modifiers (both adjectives and adverbs), and its objects:
Running a marathon in the Summer is thirsty work.
I am planning to buy a house next month.
An adjective phrase is any phrase which modifies a noun or pronoun. You often construct adjective phrases using participles or prepositions together with their objects:
I was driven mad by the sound of my neighbor’s constant piano practising.
In this sentence, the prepositional phrase "of my neighbor’s constant piano practising" acts as an adjective modifying the noun "sound."
My father-in-law locked his keys in the trunk of a borrowed car.
Similarly in this sentence, the prepositional phrase "of a borrowed car" acts as an adjective modifying the noun "trunk."
We saw Peter dashing across the quadrangle.
Here the participle phrase "dashing across the quadrangle" acts as an adjective describing the proper noun "Peter."
We picked up the records broken in the scuffle.
In this sentence, the participle phrase "broken in the scuffle" modifies the noun phrase "the records."
A prepositional phrase can also be an adverb phrase, functioning as an adverb, as in the following sentences.
She bought some spinach when she went to the corner store.
In this sentence, the prepositional phrase "to the corner store" acts as an adverb modifying the verb "went."
Lightning flashed brightly in the night sky.
In this sentence, the prepositional phrase "in the night sky" functions as a adverb modifying the verb "flashed."
In early October, Giselle planted twenty tulip bulbs; unfortunately, squirrels ate the bulbs and none bloomed.
In this sentence, the prepositional phrase "in early October" acts as an adverb modifying the entire sentence.
We will meet at the library at 3:30 P.M.
In this sentence, the prepositional phrase "at 3:30 P.M." acts as an adverb modifying the verb phrase "will meet." The dogs were capering about the clown's feet.
In this sentence, the prepositional phrase "about the clown's feet" acts
as an adverb modifying the verb phrase "were capering."
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